Power High Court   Like the SC, HC has been vested with quite extensive and effective powers   Highest Court of appeal in the state.   Protector of the Fundamental Rights   Vested with the power to interpret the Constitution.   It has supervisory and consultative roles   Constitution does not contain […]

High Court  Indian single integrated judicial system,  High Court operates below the Supreme Court but above the subordinate courts  High Court occupies the top position in the judicial administration of a state.  Institution of high court originated in India in 1862 […]

Gram Nyayalayas  Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008- Provide for the establishment of Gram Nyayalayas  Gram Nyayalayas at Grass Roots Level  Purposes of providing access to justice to the citizens at their doorsteps  To ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied […]

Family Courts   Family Courts Act, 1984 was enacted to provide for the establishment of Family Courts 1)-To promote conciliation(समझौता) 2)-Secure speedy settlement of disputes relating to   Marriage and   Family affairs Why Separate Family Courts  Several associations of women, other organizations and individuals have urged, from time […]

Lok Adalat  Lok Adalat is a forum where the cases (or disputes) which are pending in a court  Which are at pre-litigation stage (not yet brought before a court) are compromised or settled in an amicable(मैत्रूर्) manner. Meaning  Supreme Court has explained the […]

National Legal Service Authority  Article 39A of the Constitution of India provides for  Free legal aid to the poor and  Weaker sections of the society and ensures justice for all  Articles 14 and 22(1) also make it obligatory(अनिवार्) for the State […]

Subordinate Courts  Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI  Provisions to regulate the organization of subordinate courts  To ensure their independence from the executive Appointment of District Judges  Appointment, Posting and promotion of district judges in a state are made by Governor […]

 Continuance of Existing Laws and Municipalities  Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters 12th Schedule  It contains the following 18 functional items • 1. Urban planning including town planning; • 2. Regulation of land use and construction of buildings • 3. […]

Local Government    System of urban government was constitutionalised through the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.  At the Central level, the subject of ‘urban local government’ is dealt with by the following three ministries: • (i) Ministry of Urban Development, created as a separate […]

PESA Act OF 1996  “Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act”, 1996, or PESA Act or Extension Act.  8.6% of the nation’s total population, over 104 million people according to the 2011 census.  According to the 2011 Census of India, Bhil is the most populous tribe […]